Pharmaceutical contract research and manufacturing (CRAM) market size to grow by USD 121.35 billion from 2022 to 2027; The availability of cost-efficient resources in emerging markets to be a major driver

NEW YORK, June 9, 2023 /PRNewswire/ — The pharmaceutical contract research and manufacturing (CRAM) market size is forecast to increase by USD 121.35 billion from 2022 to 2027, at a CAGR of 10.32%, according to the recent market study by Technavio. The growth of the market depends on several factors, including the availability of cost-efficient resources in emerging markets and the growing need to focus on core competencies. This report offers an up-to-date analysis regarding the current market scenario, the latest trends and drivers, and the overall market environment. Read our Sample Report

Pharmaceutical contract research and manufacturing (CRAM) market – Vendor Analysis:

The pharmaceutical contract research and manufacturing (CRAM) market is fragmented and highly localized, with many vendors catering to each logistics sub-segment. However, several companies are entering into mergers and acquiring other companies, thus leading to consolidation in the market. Competition is, therefore, intensifying, and vendors are seeking to gain a competitive edge by constantly adapting to the changing marketplace.

Technavio has extensively analyzed 15 major vendors, including Almac Group Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Catalent Inc., Charles River Laboratories International Inc., Cmic Holdings Co. Ltd., Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd., ICON plc, IQVIA Holdings Inc., Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings, Lonza Group Ltd., Lupin Ltd., Recipharm AB, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Syneos Health Inc., Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., PCI Pharma Services, Parexel International Corp., OPTIMAPHARM d.o.o., and Novotech Australia Pty Ltd.

Vendor Offerings –

• Almac Group Ltd.: The company offers pharmaceutical contract research and manufacturing under the division, Boehringer Ingelheim BioXcellence.
• Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH: The company offers pharmaceutical contract research and manufacturing such as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, and Generic Formulations.
• Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd.: The company offers pharmaceutical contract research and manufacturing such as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, and Generic Formulations.

Charts & data tables about market and segment sizes for a historic period of five years (2017-2021), and forecast period (2023-2027) have been covered in this report. Download The Sample Report

Key Benefits for Industry Players & Stakeholders – 

• The report offers information on the criticality of vendor inputs, including R&D, CAPEX, and technology.
• It also provides detailed analyses of the market’s competitive landscape and vendors’ product offerings.
• The report also provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of vendors to help clients understand the wider business environment as well as the strengths and weaknesses of key market players. Data is qualitatively analyzed to categorize vendors as pure play, category-focused, industry-focused, and diversified; it is quantitatively analyzed to categorize vendors as dominant, leading, strong, tentative, and weak.

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Market Segmentation:

This market report extensively covers market segmentation by service (CMO and CRO), end-user (big pharmaceuticals, small and medium-sized pharmaceuticals, and generic pharmaceuticals), and geography (North America, Asia, Europe, and Rest Of World (ROW)). 

The market share growth by the CMO segment will be significant for overall market growth during the forecast period. CMO segment of the global pharmaceutical CRAM market has witnessed significant growth in recent years, owing to the increasing trend of outsourcing the manufacture of various small molecules and biologic drugs by pharmaceutical vendors globally. Emerging countries such as India, Brazil, China, and Mexico are the major countries in the CMO segment due to the presence of cheap labor and the availability of land at a low cost for setting up manufacturing facilities. Such factors will increase the segment growth during the forecast period.

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Market Dynamics:

Key Drivers: 

• Availability of cost-efficient resources in emerging markets
• Growing need to focus on core competencies
• Strong research funding

Factors such as the increasing number of US FDA-approved manufacturing plants in such countries also encourage outsourcing. For instance, India, which is one of the most preferred countries for CMO, has more than 100 US FDA-approved manufacturing facilities, and the number of such facilities has increased in the country. Moreover, the rapidly evolving market environment and the strong support of the Government of China help the country specialize in the research of drugs, including regenerative medicines and small-molecule-based drugs. Despite the CRO market in China being highly fragmented due to the presence of several small CROs, these vendors contribute approximately 18% to 20% of the global CRO market revenue. Therefore, the global pharmaceutical CRAM market is expected to grow strongly during the forecast period.

Major Trends:

• Increasing number of patent expiration of drugs
• Increasing number of US FDA-approved manufacturing facilities.
• Advent of big data

Patent expiry leads to the loss of market exclusivity of approved drugs and creates opportunities for the entry of generic drugs and biosimilars, which are priced at a lower rate. Due to the low cost and profit margins associated with generics, various large pharmaceutical companies outsource the manufacturing process of their generic drugs to CMOs in emerging countries such as India. This process is outsourced to the CMOs in emerging countries due to the low cost of manufacturing, availability of labor, and ease of distribution, as the market in Asia is largely dominated by generic drugs. Moreover, as a result of the looming patent cliff and the cost-effective nature of generics, the pharmaceutical market is also witnessing an increasing adoption of generic drugs in the US and in the developed countries of Europe. Hence, the market opportunity for CMOs is increasing in these regions. Thus, the increasing number of patent expiration of drugs will increase the demand for CRO and CMO services which in turn will boost the growth of the global pharmaceutical CRAM market during the forecast period.

Key Challenges:

• Stereotypical nature of CMOs
• Market concentration of CROs
• Capacity utilization and constraints

Despite recent advances in the healthcare infrastructure, CMOs in Asia, which hold the highest share of the global CMO market, lack access to advanced technologies. Hence, they use older technologies to manufacture drugs. These CMOs lack the ability to produce biological drugs and vaccines on a large scale. This is primarily due to the complex manufacturing processes of biological drugs, which require advanced technologies. The cost of manufacturing such drugs is also usually high. Moreover, many global CMOs operating on a small scale lack the funding required to produce biological drugs on a large scale. As a result, the growth opportunity for the small and medium-sized CMOs is restricted to the growth of small molecule-based generic drugs. Such factors will hinder the market growth during the forecast period.

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What are the key data covered in this Pharmaceutical Contract Research And Manufacturing (CRAM) Market report?

• CAGR of the market during the forecast period
• Detailed information on factors that will drive the growth of the Pharmaceutical Contract Research And Manufacturing (CRAM) Market between 2023 and 2027
• Precise estimation of the size of the Pharmaceutical Contract Research And Manufacturing (CRAM) Market size and its contribution to the market in focus on the parent market
• Accurate predictions about upcoming trends and changes in consumer behavior
• Growth of the Pharmaceutical Contract Research And Manufacturing (CRAM) Market industry across North America, Asia, Europe, and Rest of World (ROW)
• A thorough analysis of the market’s competitive landscape and detailed information about vendors
• Comprehensive analysis of factors that will challenge the growth of Pharmaceutical Contract Research And Manufacturing (CRAM) Market vendors

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Related Reports: 

• The contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) outsourcing market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 12.76% between 2022 and 2027. The size of the market is forecast to increase by USD 84.14 billion. This report extensively covers market segmentation by product (small molecules and biologics), service (api/bulk drugs, drug product manufacturing, and packaging), and geography (North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East and Africa). The growing pharmaceutical industry will fuel the growth of the contract development and manufacturing organization outsourcing market. 
• The Global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) Market size is estimated to grow by USD 88.74 billion between 2022 and 2027 accelerating at a CAGR of 7.24%. This active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) market report extensively covers market segmentation by manufacturing type (captive APIs and contract APIs), type (innovative APIs and generic APIs), and geography (Asia, North America, Europe, and Rest of World (ROW)). The increasing number of type II drug master files (DMFs) is notably driving the active pharmaceutical ingredients market growth. 

Table of Content

1 Executive Summary

• 1.1 Market overview 
• Exhibit 01: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Overview
• Exhibit 02: Executive Summary – Data Table on Market Overview
• Exhibit 03: Executive Summary – Chart on Global Market Characteristics
• Exhibit 04: Executive Summary – Chart on Market by Geography
• Exhibit 05: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation by Service
• Exhibit 06: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user
• Exhibit 07: Executive Summary – Chart on Incremental Growth
• Exhibit 08: Executive Summary – Data Table on Incremental Growth
• Exhibit 09: Executive Summary – Chart on Vendor Market Positioning

2 Market Landscape

• 2.1 Market ecosystem 
• Exhibit 10: Parent market
• Exhibit 11: Market Characteristics

3 Market Sizing

• 3.1 Market definition 
• Exhibit 12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition

• 3.2 Market segment analysis 
• Exhibit 13: Market segments

• 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2022-2027
• Exhibit 14: Chart on Global – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 15: Data Table on Global – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 16: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 17: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

4 Historic Market Size

• 4.1 Global pharmaceutical contract research and manufacturing (CRAM) market 2017 – 2021 
• Exhibit 18: Historic Market Size – Data Table on Global pharmaceutical contract research and manufacturing (CRAM) market 2017 – 2021 ($ billion)

• 4.2 Service Segment Analysis 2017 – 2021
• Exhibit 19: Historic Market Size – Service Segment 2017 – 2021 ($ billion)

• 4.3 End-user Segment Analysis 2017 – 2021
• Exhibit 20: Historic Market Size – End-user Segment 2017 – 2021 ($ billion)

• 4.4 Geography Segment Analysis 2017 – 2021
• Exhibit 21: Historic Market Size – Geography Segment 2017 – 2021 ($ billion)

• 4.5 Country Segment Analysis 2017 – 2021
• Exhibit 22: Historic Market Size – Country Segment 2017 – 2021 ($ billion)

5 Five Forces Analysis

• 5.1 Five forces summary 
• Exhibit 23: Five forces analysis – Comparison between 2022 and 2027

• 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers 
• Exhibit 24: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers – Impact of key factors 2022 and 2027

• 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers 
• Exhibit 25: Bargaining power of suppliers – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027

• 5.4 Threat of new entrants 
• Exhibit 26: Threat of new entrants – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027

• 5.5 Threat of substitutes 
• Exhibit 27: Threat of substitutes – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027

• 5.6 Threat of rivalry 
• Exhibit 28: Threat of rivalry – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027

• 5.7 Market condition 
• Exhibit 29: Chart on Market condition – Five forces 2022 and 2027

6 Market Segmentation by Service

• 6.1 Market segments 
• Exhibit 30: Chart on Service – Market share 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 31: Data Table on Service – Market share 2022-2027 (%)

• 6.2 Comparison by Service 
• Exhibit 32: Chart on Comparison by Service
• Exhibit 33: Data Table on Comparison by Service

• 6.3 CMO – Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 34: Chart on CMO – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 35: Data Table on CMO – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 36: Chart on CMO – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 37: Data Table on CMO – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 6.4 CRO – Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 38: Chart on CRO – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 39: Data Table on CRO – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 40: Chart on CRO – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 41: Data Table on CRO – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 6.5 Market opportunity by Service 
• Exhibit 42: Market opportunity by Service ($ billion)

7 Market Segmentation by End-user

• 7.1 Market segments 
• Exhibit 43: Chart on End-user – Market share 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 44: Data Table on End-user – Market share 2022-2027 (%)

• 7.2 Comparison by End-user 
• Exhibit 45: Chart on Comparison by End-user
• Exhibit 46: Data Table on Comparison by End-user

• 7.3 Big pharmaceuticals – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 
• Exhibit 47: Chart on Big pharmaceuticals – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 48: Data Table on Big pharmaceuticals – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 49: Chart on Big pharmaceuticals – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 50: Data Table on Big pharmaceuticals – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 7.4 Small and medium-sized pharmaceuticals – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 
• Exhibit 51: Chart on Small and medium-sized pharmaceuticals – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 52: Data Table on Small and medium-sized pharmaceuticals – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 53: Chart on Small and medium-sized pharmaceuticals – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 54: Data Table on Small and medium-sized pharmaceuticals – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 7.5 Generic pharmaceuticals – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 
• Exhibit 55: Chart on Generic pharmaceuticals – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 56: Data Table on Generic pharmaceuticals – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 57: Chart on Generic pharmaceuticals – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 58: Data Table on Generic pharmaceuticals – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 7.6 Market opportunity by End-user 
• Exhibit 59: Market opportunity by End-user ($ billion)

8 Customer Landscape

• 8.1 Customer landscape overview 
• Exhibit 60: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria

9 Geographic Landscape

• 9.1 Geographic segmentation 
• Exhibit 61: Chart on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 62: Data Table on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.2 Geographic comparison 
• Exhibit 63: Chart on Geographic comparison
• Exhibit 64: Data Table on Geographic comparison

• 9.3 North America – Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 65: Chart on North America – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 66: Data Table on North America – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 67: Chart on North America – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 68: Data Table on North America – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.4 Asia – Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 69: Chart on Asia – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 70: Data Table on Asia – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 71: Chart on Asia – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 72: Data Table on Asia – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.5 Europe – Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 73: Chart on Europe – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 74: Data Table on Europe – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 75: Chart on Europe – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 76: Data Table on Europe – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.6 Rest of World (ROW) – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 
• Exhibit 77: Chart on Rest of World (ROW) – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 78: Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 79: Chart on Rest of World (ROW) – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 80: Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.7 US – Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 81: Chart on US – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 82: Data Table on US – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 83: Chart on US – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 84: Data Table on US – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.8 India – Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 85: Chart on India – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 86: Data Table on India – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 87: Chart on India – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 88: Data Table on India – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.9 China – Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 89: Chart on China – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 90: Data Table on China – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 91: Chart on China – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 92: Data Table on China – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.10 Germany – Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 93: Chart on Germany – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 94: Data Table on Germany – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 95: Chart on Germany – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 96: Data Table on Germany – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.11 UK – Market size and forecast 2022-2027
• Exhibit 97: Chart on UK – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 98: Data Table on UK – Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ billion)
• Exhibit 99: Chart on UK – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
• Exhibit 100: Data Table on UK – Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

• 9.12 Market opportunity by geography 
• Exhibit 101: Market opportunity by geography ($ billion)

10 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

• 10.3 Impact of drivers and challenges 
• Exhibit 102: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2022 and 2027

11 Vendor Landscape

• 11.2 Vendor landscape 
• Exhibit 103: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation

• 11.3 Landscape disruption 
• Exhibit 104: Overview on factors of disruption

• 11.4 Industry risks 
• Exhibit 105: Impact of key risks on business

12 Vendor Analysis

• 12.1 Vendors covered 
• Exhibit 106: Vendors covered

• 12.2 Market positioning of vendors 
• Exhibit 107: Matrix on vendor position and classification

• 12.3 Almac Group Ltd. 
• Exhibit 108: Almac Group Ltd. – Overview
• Exhibit 109: Almac Group Ltd. – Product / Service
• Exhibit 110: Almac Group Ltd. – Key offerings

• 12.4 Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
• Exhibit 111: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH – Overview
• Exhibit 112: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH – Business segments
• Exhibit 113: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH – Key news
• Exhibit 114: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH – Key offerings
• Exhibit 115: Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH – Segment focus

• 12.5 Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd. 
• Exhibit 116: Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd. – Overview
• Exhibit 117: Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd. – Product / Service
• Exhibit 118: Cadila Pharmaceuticals Ltd. – Key offerings

• 12.6 Catalent Inc. 
• Exhibit 119: Catalent Inc. – Overview
• Exhibit 120: Catalent Inc. – Business segments
• Exhibit 121: Catalent Inc. – Key news
• Exhibit 122: Catalent Inc. – Key offerings
• Exhibit 123: Catalent Inc. – Segment focus

• 12.7 Charles River Laboratories International Inc.
• Exhibit 124: Charles River Laboratories International Inc. – Overview
• Exhibit 125: Charles River Laboratories International Inc. – Business segments
• Exhibit 126: Charles River Laboratories International Inc. – Key news
• Exhibit 127: Charles River Laboratories International Inc. – Key offerings
• Exhibit 128: Charles River Laboratories International Inc. – Segment focus

• 12.8 Cmic Holdings Co. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 129: Cmic Holdings Co. Ltd. – Overview
• Exhibit 130: Cmic Holdings Co. Ltd. – Business segments
• Exhibit 131: Cmic Holdings Co. Ltd. – Key offerings
• Exhibit 132: Cmic Holdings Co. Ltd. – Segment focus

• 12.9 Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd. 
• Exhibit 133: Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd. – Overview
• Exhibit 134: Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd. – Business segments
• Exhibit 135: Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd. – Key offerings
• Exhibit 136: Dr Reddys Laboratories Ltd. – Segment focus

• 12.10 ICON plc 
• Exhibit 137: ICON plc – Overview
• Exhibit 138: ICON plc – Product / Service
• Exhibit 139: ICON plc – Key offerings

• 12.11 IQVIA Holdings Inc. 
• Exhibit 140: IQVIA Holdings Inc. – Overview
• Exhibit 141: IQVIA Holdings Inc. – Business segments
• Exhibit 142: IQVIA Holdings Inc. – Key news
• Exhibit 143: IQVIA Holdings Inc. – Key offerings
• Exhibit 144: IQVIA Holdings Inc. – Segment focus

• 12.12 Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings
• Exhibit 145: Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings – Overview
• Exhibit 146: Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings – Business segments
• Exhibit 147: Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings – Key news
• Exhibit 148: Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings – Key offerings
• Exhibit 149: Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings – Segment focus

• 12.13 Lonza Group Ltd. 
• Exhibit 150: Lonza Group Ltd. – Overview
• Exhibit 151: Lonza Group Ltd. – Business segments
• Exhibit 152: Lonza Group Ltd. – Key news
• Exhibit 153: Lonza Group Ltd. – Key offerings
• Exhibit 154: Lonza Group Ltd. – Segment focus

• 12.14 Lupin Ltd. 
• Exhibit 155: Lupin Ltd. – Overview
• Exhibit 156: Lupin Ltd. – Product / Service
• Exhibit 157: Lupin Ltd. – Key news
• Exhibit 158: Lupin Ltd. – Key offerings

• 12.15 Recipharm AB 
• Exhibit 159: Recipharm AB – Overview
• Exhibit 160: Recipharm AB – Business segments
• Exhibit 161: Recipharm AB – Key offerings
• Exhibit 162: Recipharm AB – Segment focus

• 12.16 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. 
• Exhibit 163: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. – Overview
• Exhibit 164: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. – Business segments
• Exhibit 165: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. – Key news
• Exhibit 166: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. – Key offerings
• Exhibit 167: Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. – Segment focus

• 12.17 Syneos Health Inc. 
• Exhibit 168: Syneos Health Inc. – Overview
• Exhibit 169: Syneos Health Inc. – Business segments
• Exhibit 170: Syneos Health Inc. – Key offerings
• Exhibit 171: Syneos Health Inc. – Segment focus

13 Appendix

• 13.1 Scope of the report 

• 13.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
• Exhibit 172: Inclusions checklist
• Exhibit 173: Exclusions checklist

• 13.3 Currency conversion rates for US$ 
• Exhibit 174: Currency conversion rates for US$

• 13.4 Research methodology 
• Exhibit 175: Research methodology
• Exhibit 176: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
• Exhibit 177: Information sources

• 13.5 List of abbreviations 
• Exhibit 178: List of abbreviations

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Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focuses on emerging market trends and provides actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions. With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavio’s report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning across 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavio’s comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios.

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